Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the bone marrow compromise healthy ageing by enhancing granulopoiesis
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood, with numbers further increasing with age. Despite their essential role as a primary line of defense, neutrophils can contribute to tissue damage and age-related diseases 1 and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts all causes of mortality in the elderly 2–5. However, the precise mechanisms driving enhanced […]
Warburg Effect Reshapes Tumor Immunogenicity.
Tumor cells rewire their metabolism to fulfill the demands of highly proliferative cells. This changes cellular metabolism to adapt to fuel and oxygen availability for energy production and to increase the synthesis capacity of building blocks for cell division and growth. In addition, the metabolic shift modulates the immunogenicity of the tumor cells. Recently, Mahmood […]